The effect of calcium on flavanol production in cell suspension cultures of Polygonum hydropiper

Cultured Polygonum hydropiper cells maintained in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10^–6 m 2,4-D, 10^–6 m kinetin, 0.1% casamino acids and 3% sucrose were transferred to medium containing a higher concentration of calcium chloride (15 mm). The content of flavanols in the cells on the 6th day was approximately twice that of the control culture (31.9–60.7 mg/g dry wt). However, the contents of other secondary metabolites such as chlorogenic acid and gallic acid were not changed. The levels of flavanols in the culture medium remained unchanged throughout the 21-day culture period. Of the the inorganic components supplemented to the culture medium , only elevated levels of calcium chloride induced an increase in flavanol contents of the cells. The results indicated that the elevated concentration of calcium in the culture medium played an important role in activating the accumulation of flavanols. Received: 4 June 1998 / Revision received: 30 October 1998 / Accepted: 29 November 1998     

Stilbene Glycoside Oligomers from the Roots of Polygonum multiflorum

Five new trans‐2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxystilbene 2‐O‐β‐d ‐glucopyranoside (TSG)‐based stilbene glycoside oligomers ( 1 – 5 ) were isolated from the roots of Polygonum multiflorum. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and chemical evidences. The absolute configurations of 1 , 2 , 4 , and 5 were established by quantum‐chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Putative biosynthetic pathways of 1–5 were proposed using TSG as the key precursor. In addition, compounds 1 (multiflorumiside H) and 3 (multiflorumiside J) exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against NO production in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells.     

黄精褐斑病的病原生物学特性

为明确发生在贵州省施秉县的黄精叶斑类病害的病原菌,通过形态学和分子生物学方法对病原菌进行了鉴定,并对其生物学特性进行了初步研究。形态特征及rDNA-ITS、β-tubulin和tef1多基因序列分析表明,该病原菌为棕榈拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola。生物学特性研究结果表明,该菌菌丝体适宜生长温度为15-30℃,最适温度为28℃;最适pH值为5;以葡萄糖为碳源、酵母浸膏为氮源比较适合菌丝体的生长;菌丝体生长的最佳培养基为PDA;光照对菌丝体生长无明显影响;菌丝体致死温度为45℃。     

Nitrogen fertilizers promote plant growth and assist in manganese (Mn) accumulation by Polygonum pubescens Blume cultured in Mn tailings soil

Abstract

This study examined how different nitrogen (N) forms and application levels promote plant growth and assist in manganese (Mn) remediation of Polygonum pubescens Blume (P. pubescens) cultured in soil with a high Mn level. The effects of ammonium chloride (a) and urea (u), at three application levels (10, 20, and 30?mg L^?1 N) and control (no N addition, CK) on the growth, Mn accumulation, and enzymatic anti-oxidative defenses of P. pubescens were examined. In general, both ammonium-N and urea-N promoted the plant mass and height of P. pubescens. The total Mn amount of roots, stems, and leaves in N treatments were higher (p?<?0.05) than that of CK. The ammonium-N treatments showed greater plant biomass and Mn accumulation compared to the urea-N ones. In general, the accumulations of Mn, Cr, Zn, and Cu were significantly lower (p?<?0.05) in the N fertilizer treatment than those in the control; while the accumulations of Pb were higher (p?<?0.05) in P. pubescens across all N fertilizer treatments than those in the control. The N addition decreased the contents of O₂^? and H₂O₂ in the leaves of P. pubescens, while increasing the activities of enzymatic anti-oxidative defenses.     

干旱胁迫下内生真菌感染对羽茅的生理生态影响

本研究在田间环境下对感染和未感染内生真菌的天然宿主羽茅（Achnatherum sibiricum (L. ) Keng）进行了干旱胁迫实验,结果发现在干旱胁迫下,内生真菌感染对宿主植物的营养生长、生物量累积和叶绿素含量都没有显著影响,但对宿主植株光系统II光化学效率（Fv/Fm）的维持产生了有利效应。同时,内生真菌感染缓解了宿主植物细胞膜的旱害程度,表现在与未感染植株相比,感染植株的丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低,但内生真菌的感染并未促使宿主植物体内保护酶如超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的增加,只是显著增加了类胡萝卜素的含量。因此我们推测在羽茅中,内生真菌对宿主植物的保护作用可能更多的体现在非酶系统上。     

高速逆流色谱法同时分离制备头花蓼中没食子酸和原儿茶酸

对蓼科蓼属头状蓼组植物头花蓼进行化学成分的研究。本研究建立了HPLC测定中药头花蓼水提喷雾干燥粉末中化学成分含量的方法,然后应用高速逆流色谱法对头花蓼水提喷雾干燥粉末的乙酸乙酯粗提物的化学成分进行了半制备性分离研究,通过对分离方法和溶剂系统的筛选,寻找到最佳的溶剂系统(正己烷∶乙酸乙酯∶甲醇∶水=1∶5∶1∶5),上相为固定相,转速840 r/min,流速2.0 mL/min,进样量756 mg,检测波长272 nm。结果显示,在该条件下经一步分离可同时得到质量为148.5 mg和9.2 mg的两种产物,纯度为99.8%和97.4%,经紫外、红外、质谱及核磁共振等方法进行结构分析,确定分别为没食子酸和原儿茶酸。